Which statement best describes the difference between knowledge of results and knowledge of performance?

• A. The outcome of the movement
• B. The mental effort required
• C. The speed of the movement
• D. The tempo of the movement

Answer: (A)

Knowledge of results is about the outcome of the movement—the final result relative to a goal. It tells you what happened when you finished, such as whether a throw hit the target, how far it landed from the bullseye, or the time it took. It answers the question “Did I achieve the goal?” For example, after a free throw you learn you scored or missed, which reflects the end result. In contrast, knowledge of performance would describe how you moved—your technique, body positions, or movement pattern—regarding how the action was executed, not just whether the goal was reached. The other options don’t capture this outcome-focused feedback: mental effort relates to cognitive demand, while speed and tempo describe temporal aspects of the motion, not the end result.