Which type of feedback specifically relates to the quality of the movement pattern itself?

• A. Extrinsic feedback
• B. Knowledge of results
• C. Self-feedback
• D. Knowledge of performance

Answer: (D)

Knowledge of performance focuses on how the movement is performed—the quality of the technique, including alignment, timing, coordination, and sequencing. It provides cues about the mechanics of the action so the learner can adjust form to improve efficiency and accuracy, not just whether the goal was reached. For example, in a tennis stroke, KP would address hip rotation, wrist action, and shoulder alignment to improve the shot, whereas knowing the result would tell you whether the ball landed in the target but not how the stroke was executed. Extrinsic feedback can include information about technique but isn’t limited to movement quality, and self-feedback depends on the learner’s own judgment, which may or may not reflect the actual mechanics.